Spending & Taxes

Governor Easley announced that North Carolina will raise its average teacher salary to the national average in three years. Adjusted for cost of living, pension contribution, and teacher experience, however, the state’s average teacher salary ranks 11th in the nation and is about $1,600 above the national average. There is no evidence to support the governor’s contention that a higher average salary will aid in recruiting and retaining a high-quality teacher workforce or will make students more competitive in the global economy. A system of merit-based pay would provide an incentive for highly qualified individuals to enter and stay in the teaching profession.

Many cities and counties in North Carolina and throughout the nation have benefited from the ongoing revolution in solid waste management. Competition in the private sector has led to larger landfills that are better for the environment and less expensive. Only seven North Carolina counties have failed to take advantage of the market in landfill services. When the North Wake County landfill closes in 2007, the county should not replace it with a new county-owned facility. Instead, it should allow cities and towns to find the best value for their citizens in the landfill market.

City and county government cost on average $3,804 per capita in Charlotte during fiscal year 2004, from July 2003 to July 2004. This was 28.1 percent higher than the $2,969 (constant 2004 dollars) per capita spent in fiscal year 1994. For comparison, real per capita personal income increased just 13 percent over the same period, from $24,926 to $28,235. Most of the increased expenditures were for operations, which climbed 23.2 percent to $2,766 in fiscal 2004. Char-Meck’s high capital spending climbed 43 percent over the decade, to $1,038 in fiscal 2004.

City and county government cost on average $2,863 per capita in Wilmington during fiscal year 2004. This cost was 42 percent higher than Wilmington's per-capita spending in 1994. As real per-capita personal income increased just 13 percent over the 10-year study period, operations costs climbed 35 percent and capital spending nearly doubled over the decade. No large city in North Carolina had faster spending growth than Wilmington did.

Six weeks into fiscal year 2005-06, the General Assembly has a budget proposal from the conference committee. It includes $17.2 billion in spending (up 7.9 percent from 2004-05), over $700 million in higher taxes and fees, and $681 million in extra collections. This spending is well above the governor's spending cap. A constitutional tax and expenditure limit would provide the best insurance against permanent tax increases from reckless spending.

Although state revenue estimates are growing at the rate of about $100 million each month, the North Carolina House managed to pass a $17.1 billion budget that requires even higher taxes than the Senate’s bill. Spending would grow 7.5 percent. Despite this, some representatives claim that the budget is a model of fiscal responsibility because it ties recurring funds to recurring obligations. Fiscal responsibility does not require $778 million in new taxes or $376 million in transfers and new fees. “Reverse logrolling” in the conference is the last best hope for the General Assembly to become responsible.

Under the Senate’s proposed budget, real spending in the state will grow as quickly over the three years through fiscal year 2007, 13.2 percent, as it did in the three years through FY 2001. The late 1990s benefited from rapid economic growth that allowed the state to cut taxes while spending more. Gov. Mike Easley raised taxes to cover expenses while slowing growth to 0.2 percent in real terms through FY2003-04. Since then, the higher taxes have paid for renewed spending growth. Medicaid spending has expanded more rapidly than education or correction and is accelerating. Growth is faster still outside this core.

The budget proposals from the senate and governor return North Carolina to a path of rapid spending growth. Education and Medicaid continue to expand, but economic development joins them as an important growth area. Government spending on a per capita basis retreated after Fiscal Year 1999-2000, but will be 28 percent higher in FY2006-07 than it was in FY2002-03.

A broad coalition of lawmakers and policy groups favors fundamental changes in NC lobbying laws to require more disclosure, create "cooling off periods" before former officeholders can lobby, and restrict the value of personal gifts to public officials. Still, reformers are overlooking an important issue: the role that special-interest lobbying plays in distorting fiscal policy and stunting economic growth.

Senators deserve a great deal of credit for decisions in their proposed budget to limit dual eligibility for Medicaid and Medicare, reduce the number of teacher assistants in public schools, and remove General Fund support for some activities that should rely on receipts. These changes do not reflect an overall return to fiscal reationality, however. The Senate still increases spending by $1 billion, paid for with fund transfers and big tax hikes.